Peace of Nikolsburg
The Peace of Nikolsburg or Peace of Mikulov was signed on December 31, 1621 in Nikolsburg, Moravia (now Mikulov in the Czech Republic). Esterhazy of Galantha contributed significantly to the negotiations. The treaty ended the war between Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania and Emperor Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire.
To take advantage of Ferdinand's preoccupation with the Bohemian revolt at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, Bethlen invaded Habsburg-controlled Royal Hungary in 1618 and conquered all of present-day Slovakia by 1620. Although a peace was settled in January 1620 giving Bethlen 13 counties in eastern Royal Hungary, the prince resumed the war in September. Ferdinand's defeat of the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in November allowed him to focus his forces on Bethlen, and the emperor was able to reconquer most of Royal Hungary by 1621. Because Bethlen did not distribute the confiscated property of Catholic noblemen to his Protestant noblemen as he had promised, they rescinded their support. These setbacks, as well as Bethlen's lack of support from the Ottoman Empire, led Bethlen and Ferdinand to seek terms in Nikolsburg.
In return for Bethlen's renunciation of any claims to the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary, Ferdinand agreed to observe the conditions of the Treaty of Vienna of 1606, which had granted full freedom of worship to Protestants in Transylvania and agreed on the summoning of a general diet within six months. In addition, Bethlen secured the (purely formal) title of "Imperial Prince" (of Transylvania), seven counties around the Upper Tisza River (in present-day Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, and Romania), the fortresses of Tokaj, Munkács, and Ecsed, and a duchy in Silesia. The treaty gave Ferdinand peace in the east and allowed him to focus his forces on subduing the Rhenish Palatinate.
The Peace of Nikolsburg was confirmed by the Treaty of Vienna in 1624 and the Third Peace of Pressburg in 1626.
See also
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Treaties of Hungary
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| 9th-10th century (age of Magyars) |
Legend of the white horse (894) · Magyar-East Frankish Treaty (899) · First Magyar-Italian Treaty (900) · Treaty of Bergamo (904) · Third Magyar-Italian Treaty (924) · Magyar-Holy Roman Treaty (927) · First Magyar-Byzantine Treaty (934) · Second Magyar-Byzantine Treaty (943) · Third Magyar-Byzantine Treaty (948)
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| 1000-1301 (Árpád dynasty) |
Treaty of Strigonium (1031) · First Hungarian-Holy Roman Treaty (1043) · Second Hungarian-Holy Roman Treaty (1058) · Second Hungarian-Holy Roman Treaty (1058) · Treaty of Serdica (1058) · Hungarian-Byzantine Treaty (1971) · Hungarian-Byzantine Treaty (1971) · Hungarian-Kievan Rus' Treaty (1092) · Hungarian-Venetian Treaty (1097) ·
Personal union of Hungary and Croatia (1102) · Third Hungarian-Holy Roman Treaty (1108) · Hungarian-Czech Treaty (1126) · Hungarian-Bavarian Treaty (1127) · Treaty of Branitshevo (1129) · Hungarian-Byzantine Treaties (1153-1167) · First Hungarian-Venetian Truce (1187) · Second Hungarian-Venetian Truce (1190) · Hungarian-Polish Treaty (1193) · Hungarian-Novgorodian Treaty (1219-1221) · Treaty of Graz (1225) · Hungarian-Austrian Treaty (1235) · Treaty of Galas (1244) · Treaty of Buda (1254) · Treaty of Vienna (1261) · Treaty of Pressburg (1271) · Treaty of Hainburg (1291)
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1302-1526 (Middle ages to Tripartition) |
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Dual reign, Ottoman vassalship,
reconquest and Napoleonic Wars
(1526-1848) |
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Alliance of Alba Iulia (1595) · Peace of Nikolsburg (1621) · Treaty of Vienna (1624) · Treaty of Pressburg (1626) · Treaty of Linz (1645) · Treaty of Nymwegen (1679) · Diet of Ónod (1707) |
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Austria-Hungary
to the end of World War I
(1848-1922) |
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| Modern age (1922-) |
Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1922–1946) · Hungarian-Soviet Reparations Agreement (1946) · Hungarian-Czechoslovak population exchange agreement (1946) · Hungarian-Czechoslovak Reparations Agreement (1946) · Hungarian-Yugoslav Reparations Agreement (1946) · Hungarian-Yugoslav economic and cooperation treaty (1947) · Hungarian-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (1947) · Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 · Hungarian-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (1948) · Soviet weaponry supply agreement (1948) · Agreement of Štrbské Pleso (1949) · Treaties of the People's Republic of Hungary (1949–1989) · Treaties of the Third Republic of Hungary (1989–) |
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